Experience in simple and easy-to-implement steel beam layout

Beam steel is a factor that greatly affects the structure and load of a building. So how to arrange steel beams so as not to affect the quality of the project? In this article, TN E&C will share a simple and easy-to-implement steel beam layout . Please read it now!

Principles and standards for steel beam layout

The arrangement of beam steel needs to apply the following principles:

• Before constructing steel beams, the implementer needs to have a steel shopdrawing drawing, or a steel sketch drawing. When designing steel beam shopdrawing drawings, it is necessary to closely follow the technical requirements to ensure scientificity and practicality, making it easy to deploy during field construction.
• The arrangement of steel beams must be economical, avoiding wasting steel.
• The arrangement of beam steel also depends on the internal force chart, thereby helping to arrange beam steel to suit the load-bearing area and structural principles, ensuring the concrete's ability to withstand compression and tension. of steel.

Experience in arranging steel beams in cross section 

The layout of beam steel according to the cross section is done as follows:

How to arrange beam steel according to horizontal section

Select longitudinal beam reinforcement diameter

In floor beams, the load-bearing reinforcement diameter is mainly chosen from 12 to 25mm. In the main beam, a diameter of about 32mm can be chosen. Note: Do not choose steel with a diameter larger than 1/10 of the width of the beam.

For convenience in construction, you should not use more than 3 types of diameters for load-bearing reinforcement, each diameter must differ by at least 2mm.

Protective layer for beam reinforcement

It is necessary to distinguish between the protective layer of level 1 bearing reinforcement and level 2 stirrup. In this case, the thickness of the protective layer must not be less than the diameter of the reinforcement and must not be less than the Co qua value. determined as follows:

• With load-bearing reinforcement:

In slab and wall thickness:

From 100mm or more: Co = 15mm (20mm).

From 100mm or less: Co = 10mm (15mm).

In beams and ribs there is a height of:

From 250mm or more: Co = 20mm (25mm).

Less than 250mm: Co = 15mm (20mm).

• With structural reinforcement and stirrup reinforcement:

When the section height

From 250mm or more: Co = 15mm (20mm).

Less than 250 mm: Co = 10mm (15mm).

Note: 

• For structures in areas affected by salt water environments, it is necessary to increase the thickness of the protective layer according to TCXDVN 327:200.

• For structures made of lightweight concrete and cellular concrete, it is necessary to increase the thickness of the protective layer according to Article 8.3 of TCXDVN 5574:2012 standard.

Clearance of beam reinforcement

The gap of beam reinforcement is understood as the clear distance and this index must not be less than the large value and larger than the diameter of the reinforcement.

In the process of arranging steel beams in the foundation, when pouring fresh concrete, you need to pay attention to the following regulations:

• Reinforcement located below must have a distance of 25mm.

• The reinforcement at the top must have a distance of 30mm.

If the reinforcement is placed in 2 rows, the upper rows will be 50mm larger (except for the bottom 2 rows). It is necessary to pay attention to the position of the reinforcement area, do not place the reinforcement in the upper row into the gap in the lower row.

In the case of construction with beams, the gap between the upper layers needs to ensure that the beams can fit through.

Intersection of beam reinforcement

When placing the reinforcement above the beam in 2 rows, it must be placed apart so that the reinforcement above the main beam must be placed in the space between those 2 rows. If the upper reinforcement of the main beam is also placed in 2 rows, it must also be placed apart to sandwich the reinforcement of the floor beam in the middle.

Experience in arranging steel beams in longitudinal sections

How to arrange beam steel according to longitudinal section

Similar to the layout of beam steel according to the horizontal section, the layout of longitudinal beam steel (ie the arrangement of reinforcing steel in the beam) must also apply according to certain principles. Include:

• At the position of longitudinal reinforcement bearing force above the negative moment, the positive moment area is placed below. This is an "immutable" principle that needs attention to be implemented correctly in all cases.

• In the calculated and selected areas, reinforcement should be placed where the moment is greatest. If you want to save space as well as the amount of steel used, you can cut beam steel or bend it around.

• After cutting the steel in the beam, rolling must ensure that the amount of placed reinforcement can withstand the load of the bending moment at the perpendicular and even inclined sections.

• Bearing bars need to be securely anchored at the end of each bar. At the same time, it is necessary to determine accurately so that the process is always guaranteed to be carried out vertically. 

Note: Top and bottom reinforcement can be placed independently or combined with each other. Arrangement at the appropriate location will determine the implementation process. If chosen correctly, it will not affect the beam steel layout and will make the process easier.

Experience in arranging steel beams with spans of 5m, 7m, 9m

Normally, the layout of beam steel will be based on the layout of reinforcement. When constructing, arranging steel in beams cannot be done at once but must try many different options to find the most suitable arrangement. Besides, the implementer should also refer to other principles about: bending beam reinforcement, bending folding anchors or anchoring reinforcement in the middle of the circular hook bending span.             

Coordinated beam steel layout

Arrange steel beams with a span of 5m

Steel beams with a span of 5m are a popular layout, commonly found in current projects. 5m span steel beams are divided into 3 types as follows:

• Beautiful 5m span steel beam

The layout of a beautiful 5m span steel beam is done as follows: the bottom layer is 3 Ø16 bars, base bar No. 2, arrange 2 Ø16 bars and corner bar No. 3, arrange 1 Ø16 bar. Arrange like this until the end of the 5m length to help make the beam more sturdy.

If the aperture is large, it should be arranged with a cross section of 200x400m. However, this cross-section is not ideal. Therefore, the best beam steel layout is to use 4 Ø18 bars as the main steel and reinforce 1 Ø16 bar at each knee and belly position. At the same time, iron straps were also added to the staircase with beams reaching the loft.

• Steel beam with 5m span is safe

The safe layout of 5m span steel beams is as follows: Arrange 200x300 steel columns, use 200x200mm columns and 200x350mm beams like other houses, use 2 Ø16 bars and 2 Ø14 bars placed in the middle of the span and beam bearings. If possible, you can increase the amount of steel.

• Steel beam with standard 5m span

To minimize costs and get high returns, you should find house models with similarities in location, structure, scale, etc. If the layout has been applied in practice, this will not happen. Any problem can be applied immediately to the project.

Besides, to be more certain, the implementer can consult experts.

Arrange steel beams with a span of 7m

The layout of steel beams with a span of 7m is similar to the layout of steel beams with a span of 5m. The operator must make the correct decision based on understanding and experience in the arrangement of girder stirrups. If you do not have experience, please contact experts or professional consulting companies to come up with the most appropriate and optimal plan.

Arrange steel beams with a span of 9m

For beams with a span of 9m, the applied plan is a post-tensioned floor for a span of 9m. This option has a floor thickness of 20 - 22cm and a small steel content in the floor to achieve economic goals. However, if you choose to arrange steel beams with a span of 9m, it requires the implementer to have high professional qualifications and be closely supervised by the quality monitoring and management system.